این مبحث که کوتاه است در 9 صفحه pdf شاملExpressionist Architecture
•Expressionist architecturewas an architectural movement that developed in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts.
•The term "Expressionist architecture" initially described the activities of the German, Dutch, Austrian, Czech and Danish avant-garde from 1910 until1924. Subsequent redefinitions extended the term backwards to 1905 and also widened it to encompass the rest of Europe. Today the meaning has broadened even further to refer to architecture of any date or location that exhibits some of the qualities of the original movement such as; distortion, fragmentation or the communication of violent or overstressed emotion.
•The style was characterized by an early-modernist adoption of novel materials, formal innovation, and very unusual massing, sometimes inspired by natural biomorphic forms, sometimes by the new technical possibilities offered by the mass production of brick, steel and especially glass. Many expressionist architects fought in World War I and their experiences, combined with the political turmoil and social upheaval that followed the German Revolution of 1919, resulted in a utopian outlook and a romantic socialist agenda. Economic conditions severely limited the number of built commissions between 1914 and the mid 1920s, resulting in many of the most important expressionist works remaining as projects on paper,such as Bruno Taut'sAlpine Architectureand Hermann Finsterlin'sFormspiels. Ephemeral(geçici)exhibition buildings were numerous and highly significant during this period. Scenographyfor theatre and films provided another outlet for the expressionist imagination, and provided supplemental incomes for designers attempting to challenge conventions in a harsh economic climate.
IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURYExpressionist ArchitectureThe Deutscher Werkbund
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